The organization has long been a prominent suspect in investigations into the deep state in Turkey, and is suspected of having had close dealings in the past with the Counter-Guerrilla, the Turkish branch of the NATO Operation Gladio, as well as the Turkish mafia. Due to these attacks, the Grey Wolves have been described by some scholars, journalists, and governments as a terrorist organization. The masterminds behind the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II in 1981 by Grey Wolves member Mehmet Ali Ağca were not identified and the organization's role remains unclear. They are also alleged to have been behind the Taksim Square massacre in May 1977 and to have played a role in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict from 1978 onwards.
Their most notorious attack, which killed over 100 Alevis, took place in Maraş in December 1978. Scholars have described it as a death squad, responsible for most of the violence and killings in this period. Įstablished by Colonel Alparslan Türkeş in the late 1960s, it rose to prominence during the late 1970s political violence in Turkey when its members engaged in urban guerrilla warfare with left-wing militants and activists.
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Its members deny its political nature and claim it to be a cultural and educational foundation, as per its full official name: Idealist Clubs Educational and Cultural Foundation ( Turkish: Ülkü Ocakları Eğitim ve Kültür Vakfı). Commonly described as ultra-nationalist, neo-fascist, and Islamonationalist, it is a youth organization that has been characterized as the MHP's paramilitary or militant wing. The Grey Wolves ( Turkish: Bozkurtlar), officially known by the short name Idealist Hearths ( Turkish: Ülkü Ocakları, ), is a Turkish far-right paramilitary organization and political movement affiliated with the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).
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